Iodine: Clinical Evidence & Substantiation Summary
What Is Iodine?
Iodine is an essential trace mineral required for thyroid hormone synthesis. Deficiency remains the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability worldwide, and subclinical deficiency is re-emerging in Western populations.
Mechanism of action: Iodine is incorporated into thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), which regulate metabolic rate, body temperature, protein synthesis, and neurodevelopment. The thyroid gland actively concentrates iodine via the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS).
Clinical Evidence Summary
Below are 3 key clinical studies on Iodine. Nutra Comp analyses 42+ studies in its full clinical evidence report.
Iodine supplementation and thyroid function: a global review
Population: 22 studies across populations
Key finding: Iodine supplementation in deficient populations normalised thyroid function markers and significantly reduced goitre prevalence (OR 0.32, p<0.001).
Iodine and cognitive development in children
Population: 11 studies
Key finding: Iodine supplementation in deficient pregnant women and children significantly improved cognitive scores (SMD: 0.68, p<0.001).
Subclinical iodine deficiency in Western populations
Population: National surveys
Key finding: 10–20% of women of childbearing age in the US and UK have urinary iodine concentrations indicating mild deficiency.
Evidence-Based Structure–Function Claims
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Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Is iodine FDA approved?
Iodine is an essential mineral with a DV of 150 mcg. The UL is 1,100 mcg/day. Excess iodine can worsen thyroid conditions in susceptible individuals.
What are the most studied benefits?
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Its role in cognitive development is so well established that salt iodisation is one of the most successful public health interventions globally.
What dosage is used in clinical studies?
150–300 mcg/day for general supplementation. Pregnant women need 220 mcg/day. Do not exceed 1,100 mcg/day without medical supervision.
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