Ginkgo Biloba: Clinical Evidence & Substantiation Summary
What Is Ginkgo Biloba?
Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest living tree species and its leaf extract is one of the most researched herbal supplements for cognitive health and peripheral circulation support.
Mechanism of action: Ginkgo's active components (flavonoids and terpenoids) improve blood flow by reducing blood viscosity and enhancing nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation. It also acts as an antioxidant and modulates several neurotransmitter systems, including acetylcholine and dopamine.
Clinical Evidence Summary
Below are 3 key clinical studies on Ginkgo Biloba. Nutra Comp analyses 122+ studies in its full clinical evidence report.
Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) and cognitive decline: meta-analysis
Population: 9 RCTs, 2,561 patients
Key finding: Ginkgo (240 mg/day) significantly improved cognitive function and activities of daily living (p<0.001) in individuals with early-stage cognitive impairment.
Ginkgo and peripheral arterial disease: systematic review
Population: 11 RCTs
Key finding: Ginkgo extract significantly increased pain-free walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication (p<0.05) compared to placebo.
Ginkgo and eye health (Glaucoma)
Population: 27 patients
Key finding: Ginkgo supplementation for 4 weeks significantly improved pre-existing visual field defects (p=0.04), likely through improved ocular blood flow.
Evidence-Based Structure–Function Claims
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Key Terms
Frequently Asked Questions
Is ginkgo biloba FDA approved?
Ginkgo is sold as a dietary supplement. In several European countries, specific Ginkgo extracts (EGb 761) are registered drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairment and peripheral arterial disease. It is not FDA approved as a drug in the US.
Does ginkgo interact with blood thinners?
Yes. Due to its blood-thinning effects, Ginkgo should be used with caution by individuals taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications (like warfarin or aspirin).
How long until I see effects?
Improvements in circulation and cognitive scores typically require 4 to 8 weeks of consistent daily use.
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